第五篇：

　　If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning， then the airlines that ply the worlds busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands.

　　The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May， it carried its one millionth passenger， having run only a limited service between London， Paris and Brussels since November 1994， starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997， the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year， and continue to grow from there.

　　From July， Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris， and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers， 210 of them in first class.

　　The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995)， with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited， however， the airlines believe， with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.

　　In the short term， the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air France-as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route， the railway company had less success， and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.

　　The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland， for example， points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later， travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.

　　1.British airlines confide in the fact that__. A.they are more powerful than other European airlines. B.their total loss wont go beyond a drop of 5% passengers. C.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years. D.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air.

　　2.The authors attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as__. A.worried. B.delighted C.puzzled. D.unrivaled.

　　3.In the passage， British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__. A.provide a comparison with Eurostar. B.support the airlines optimism. C.prove the inevitable drop of air passengers. D.call for electrification and modernization of the railway.

　　4.The railways Brussels route is brought forth to show that__. A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good business. B.the airlines can well compete with the railway. C.the Eurostar train service only caused little damage. D.only some airlines， such as Air France， are suffering.

　　5.The passage is taken from the first of an essay， from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to__. A.praise the airlines clear-mindedness. B.warn the airlines of high-speed rail services. C.propose a reduction of London/Paris flights. D.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model.

　　第五篇答案：CABCB

　　1

　　第六篇：

　　Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions， our inclination to eat or drink， our aggressiveness or submissiveness， and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.

　　Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice， which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.

　　The term hormone was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone， meaning to excite or set in motion. The term endocrine was introduced shortly thereafter Endocrine is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term endocrine contrasts with exocrine， which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands， the sweat glands， and the pancreas， which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands， while endocrine glands are called ductless.

　　1.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?

　　A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones. B.To provide general information about hormones. C.To explain how the term hormone evolved. D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.

　　2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

　　A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones. B.Synthetic hormones can replace a persons natural supply of hormones if necessary. C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a persons age. D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.

　　3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments， most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___. A.during sleep. B.in the endocrine glands. C.under control of the nervous system. D.during strenuous exercise.

　　4.The word liberate could best be replaced by which of the following?

　　A.Emancipate B.Discharge C.Surrender D.Save

　　5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___. A.duct glands B.endocrine glands C.ductless glands D.intestinal glands.

　　第六篇答案：BDCBA

　　2

　　The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures， but created what might be called the heroic age of Antarctic exploration。 By their tremendous heroism， men such as Shakleton， Scott， and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows， and yet that heroic age， little more than a century old， is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance， future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.

　　Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America， and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted， and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed， it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known， and almost inexhaustible sources of copper， coal， uranium， and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.

　　The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light， and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed， for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5，000 miles journey.

　　The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem， for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before， and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably， so that， provided that the appropriate installations are made， we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world， for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent， and rendered it absolutely germfree， with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies， for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.

　　Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent， and what so few years ago was regarded as a dead continent now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.

　　1.When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?

　　A.About 100years ago. B.In this century. C.At the beginning of the 19th century. D.In 1798.

　　2.What must the explorers be， even though they have modern equipment and techniques?

　　A.Brave and tough B.Stubborn and arrogant. C.Well-liked and humorous. D.Stout and smart.

　　3.The most healthy climate in the world is___. A.in South America. B.in the Arctic Region. C.in the Antarctic Continent. D.in the Atlantic Ocean.

　　4.What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?

　　A.Magnetite， coal and ores. B.Copper， coal and uranium. C.Silver， natural gas and uranium. D.Aluminum， copper and natural gas.

　　5.What is planned for the continent?

　　A.Building dams along the coasts. B.Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts. C.Mapping the coast and whole territory. D.Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.

　　第六篇答案：BDCBA

　　3

　　第七篇：

　　The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures， but created what might be called the heroic age of Antarctic exploration。 By their tremendous heroism， men such as Shakleton， Scott， and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows， and yet that heroic age， little more than a century old， is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance， future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.

　　Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America， and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted， and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed， it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known， and almost inexhaustible sources of copper， coal， uranium， and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.

　　The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light， and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed， for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5，000 miles journey.

　　The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem， for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before， and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably， so that， provided that the appropriate installations are made， we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world， for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent， and rendered it absolutely germfree， with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies， for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.

　　Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent， and what so few years ago was regarded as a dead continent now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.

　　1.When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?

　　A.About 100years ago. B.In this century. C.At the beginning of the 19th century. D.In 1798.

　　2.What must the explorers be， even though they have modern equipment and techniques?

　　A.Brave and tough B.Stubborn and arrogant. C.Well-liked and humorous. D.Stout and smart.

　　3.The most healthy climate in the world is___. A.in South America. B.in the Arctic Region. C.in the Antarctic Continent. D.in the Atlantic Ocean.

　　4.What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?

　　A.Magnetite， coal and ores. B.Copper， coal and uranium. C.Silver， natural gas and uranium. D.Aluminum， copper and natural gas.

　　5.What is planned for the continent?

　　A.Building dams along the coasts. B.Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts. C.Mapping the coast and whole territory. D.Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.

　　第七篇答案：BDCBA

　　4

　　第八篇：

　　Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much， he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit， he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way， when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk， run， climb， whistle， ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people， and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself， let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him， or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out， with the help of other children if he wants it， what this word says， what answer is to that problem， whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

　　If it is a matter of right answers， as it may be in mathematics or science， give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he cant find the way to get the right answer. Lets end this nonsense of grades， exams， marks， Let us throw them all out， and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn， how to measure their own understanding， how to know what they know or do not know.

　　Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of ones life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say， But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world? Dont worry! If it is essential， they will go out into the world and learn it.

　　1.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

　　A.by copying what other people do.

　　B.by making mistakes and having them corrected.

　　C.by listening to explanations from skilled people.

　　D.by asking a great many questions.

　　2.What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

　　A.They give children correct answers.

　　B.They point out childrens mistakes to them.

　　C.They allow children to mark their own work.

　　D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another.

　　3.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___.

　　A.not really important skills.

　　B.more important than other skills.

　　C.basically different from learning adult skills.

　　D.basically the same as learning other skills.

　　4.Exams， grades， and marks should be abolished because childrens progress should only be estimated by___.

　　A.educated persons.

　　B.the children themselves.

　　C.teachers.

　　D.parents.

　　5.The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___.

　　A.too independent of others.

　　B.too critical of themselves.

　　C.incapable to think for themselves.

　　D.incapable to use basic skills.

　　第八篇答案：ABDBC

　　5