2008年12月英语六级阅读备考的技巧及词汇四
Lesson7
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.
They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants , and security staff.
An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests.
Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less feminine grooming-shorter hair, moderate use of makeup, and plain tailored clothing.
Feminine女权主义者;Masculine男子气概的
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.
越多的妇女和少数民族越往上爬，她们越想说以前最好不说的事情。
It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10. 5 ounces, without any reduction in price.
The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc.
Such chicken raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine relief protein food.
Famine饥荒
Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994.
The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots.
Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.
倒装句，正常的顺序是a social feeling of agreement comes out of our emotional experiences.
The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon.
Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic in-centives and friendly persuasion have been net by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.
Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility?
36. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?
A) Performing physical examinations.
B) Locating places which attract terrorists.
C) Detecting drugs and water contamination.
D) Monitoring food processing.
注：从本题定下文章基调，人工鼻子是个新东西。
37.A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is _______.
A) negligence of public safety
B) an abuse of personal freedom
C) a hazard to physical health
D) a threat to individual privacy
注：推出原文可能有转折
38.The word logged most probably means______ .
A) preset
B) entered
C) processed
D) simulated
注：词汇题，找上下文并列、转折、解释的线索
39. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential ______ .
A) to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors
B) to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals
C) to design a computer program to sort out smells
D) to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through
40. The authors attitude towards Larry Myers works is ______.
A) approving
B) overenthusiastic
C) cautious
D) suspicious
注：作者态度题，应该选正态度
怎样先看题再看文章?
1. 什么题型?回原文应该怎么做?
2. 能不能看出作者评价?
3. 可能对应文章的语言现象
Lesson8
同义转换的正确选项：
一、同义词
二、句式
三、双重否定
错误选项特征：
一、绝对的
二、长得像的断章取义
三、跨段
四、难词杯弓蛇影
36. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?
A) Monitoring food processing.
B) Performing physical examinations. 跨段
C) Locating places which attract terrorists. 难词
D) Detecting drugs and water contamination.
37.A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is _______.
A) negligence of public safety
B) a hazard to physical health
C) a threat to individual privacy
D) an abuse of personal freedom
38.The word logged most probably means ______ .
A) preset
B) simulated
C) entered
D) processed
39. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential ______.
A) to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals
B) to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors
C) to design a computer program to sort out smells
D) to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through
Theres simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it.
Myers is the founder of Aubum Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices - an artificial nose.
For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arsoninvestigators and food - safety inspectors.
The technology that they are working in would suggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, well have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination.
The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too ,are the possibilities for abuse; Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating,without a physical exam - or even her knowledge.
One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that is has been impossible to search everyone. Thats getting not to be the case.
Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. Aroma Scan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.
Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail - size chip with thousands of odor receptors, enough to create a sensor thats nearly as sensitive as a dogs nose.
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.
A) wrong
B) oversimplified
C) misleading
D) unclear
注：文章第一句
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows________.
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
B) the real value of conflict
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
注：文章第二段
33.We can learn from Schwenks research that________.
A) a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict
注：文章第三段
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.
A) there is no end of conflict
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged
C) decisions must be justifiable
D) success lies in general agreement
注：文章第四段，justifiable合法化
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy
B) are free to express diverse opinions
C) are less effective in making decisions
D) find it easier to reach agreement
注：C和D出现比较级，不选
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation . Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
Lesson7
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.
They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants , and security staff.
An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests.
Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less feminine grooming-shorter hair, moderate use of makeup, and plain tailored clothing.
Feminine女权主义者;Masculine男子气概的
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.
越多的妇女和少数民族越往上爬，她们越想说以前最好不说的事情。
It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10. 5 ounces, without any reduction in price.
The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc.
Such chicken raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine relief protein food.
Famine饥荒
Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994.
The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots.
Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.
倒装句，正常的顺序是a social feeling of agreement comes out of our emotional experiences.
The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon.
Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic in-centives and friendly persuasion have been net by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.
Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility?
36. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?
A) Performing physical examinations.
B) Locating places which attract terrorists.
C) Detecting drugs and water contamination.
D) Monitoring food processing.
注：从本题定下文章基调，人工鼻子是个新东西。
37.A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is _______.
A) negligence of public safety
B) an abuse of personal freedom
C) a hazard to physical health
D) a threat to individual privacy
注：推出原文可能有转折
38.The word logged most probably means______ .
A) preset
B) entered
C) processed
D) simulated
注：词汇题，找上下文并列、转折、解释的线索
39. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential ______ .
A) to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors
B) to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals
C) to design a computer program to sort out smells
D) to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through
40. The authors attitude towards Larry Myers works is ______.
A) approving
B) overenthusiastic
C) cautious
D) suspicious
注：作者态度题，应该选正态度
怎样先看题再看文章?
1. 什么题型?回原文应该怎么做?
2. 能不能看出作者评价?
3. 可能对应文章的语言现象
Lesson8
同义转换的正确选项：
一、同义词
二、句式
三、双重否定
错误选项特征：
一、绝对的
二、长得像的断章取义
三、跨段
四、难词杯弓蛇影
36. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?
A) Monitoring food processing.
B) Performing physical examinations. 跨段
C) Locating places which attract terrorists. 难词
D) Detecting drugs and water contamination.
37.A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is _______.
A) negligence of public safety
B) a hazard to physical health
C) a threat to individual privacy
D) an abuse of personal freedom
38.The word logged most probably means ______ .
A) preset
B) simulated
C) entered
D) processed
39. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential ______.
A) to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals
B) to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors
C) to design a computer program to sort out smells
D) to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through
Theres simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it.
Myers is the founder of Aubum Universitys Institute for Biological Detection Systems, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices - an artificial nose.
For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arsoninvestigators and food - safety inspectors.
The technology that they are working in would suggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, well have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination.
The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too ,are the possibilities for abuse; Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating,without a physical exam - or even her knowledge.
One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that is has been impossible to search everyone. Thats getting not to be the case.
Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. Aroma Scan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.
Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail - size chip with thousands of odor receptors, enough to create a sensor thats nearly as sensitive as a dogs nose.
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.
A) wrong
B) oversimplified
C) misleading
D) unclear
注：文章第一句
32.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows________.
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
B) the real value of conflict
C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
注：文章第二段
33.We can learn from Schwenks research that________.
A) a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization
B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations
C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways
D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict
注：文章第三段
34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.
A) there is no end of conflict
B) expression of different opinions is encouraged
C) decisions must be justifiable
D) success lies in general agreement
注：文章第四段，justifiable合法化
35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy
B) are free to express diverse opinions
C) are less effective in making decisions
D) find it easier to reach agreement
注：C和D出现比较级，不选
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation . Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
