Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially， increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 ， they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts， who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds， 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning， being concerned with thinking， must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking， and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader， 12 some， is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults， although they have the ability to read， have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly， the philosophy， objectives， methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition， reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language， to interpret meaning for various 18 ， at various rates， and at various levels of difficulty， and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　答案与解析：

　　1.B

　　substantively 实质地 ;substantially 大量地 ;substitutively 可替代地 ;subjectively 主观地 。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。

　　2.C

　　在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前也应有动词，故选动名词。

　　3.A

　　although表示 尽管 ，符合句意。

　　4.A

　　involve使卷入、包括;被动语态时用be involved in;没有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.D

　　mental function智力活动。Opinion 意见 ;manner 行为 ;effect 影响 ，这三项与mental搭配不妥。

　　6.B

　　disagree about/on 对 有不同意见 ，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。

　　7.A

　　view as把 看作。

　　8.D

　　stand for 代表 ;stand by 支持 ;stand to 遵守 ;stand off 冷淡 。

　　9.B

　　contend 争论 ;content 含量、容量 ;contempt 轻视、蔑视 ;contact 接触、联系 。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威争论说 。

　　10.A

　　inexplicably 无法解释地 ;inextricably 无法摆脱的 ;inexpressibly 说不出地 ;inexpediently 不适当地、不明智地 。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。

　　11.A

　　interpreting 理解 ;explaining 解释 。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。

　　12.C

　　在这里according to some是说 根据一些人的观点 。

　　13.D

　　actually 事实上地 ;practical是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里actually和前半句的theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。

　　14.B

　　代词its后接名词，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。entirety 整体 ;entity 实体 。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。

　　15.C

　　be classified as 被划分、被分类到 ;be granted 被授予 。

　　16.C

　　conclusive 确定的 ;inclusive 包括的、包围的 ;inclinable 倾向于、赞成的 ;complicated 复杂的 。the most conclusive是最高级，指最确定性的。

　　17.D

　　unlock 解开、破译 ;elaborate 详细说明、论述 ;define 解释、限定 ;break up 解散 。

　　18.A

　　for various purposes因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。

　　19.C

　　此处用副词so修饰widely.

　　20.B

　　根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short 总之 。By the way顺便说，So far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。

　　Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially， increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 ， they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts， who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds， 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning， being concerned with thinking， must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking， and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader， 12 some， is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults， although they have the ability to read， have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly， the philosophy， objectives， methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition， reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language， to interpret meaning for various 18 ， at various rates， and at various levels of difficulty， and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　答案与解析：

　　1.B

　　substantively 实质地 ;substantially 大量地 ;substitutively 可替代地 ;subjectively 主观地 。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。

　　2.C

　　在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前也应有动词，故选动名词。

　　3.A

　　although表示 尽管 ，符合句意。

　　4.A

　　involve使卷入、包括;被动语态时用be involved in;没有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.D

　　mental function智力活动。Opinion 意见 ;manner 行为 ;effect 影响 ，这三项与mental搭配不妥。

　　6.B

　　disagree about/on 对 有不同意见 ，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。

　　7.A

　　view as把 看作。

　　8.D

　　stand for 代表 ;stand by 支持 ;stand to 遵守 ;stand off 冷淡 。

　　9.B

　　contend 争论 ;content 含量、容量 ;contempt 轻视、蔑视 ;contact 接触、联系 。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威争论说 。

　　10.A

　　inexplicably 无法解释地 ;inextricably 无法摆脱的 ;inexpressibly 说不出地 ;inexpediently 不适当地、不明智地 。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。

　　11.A

　　interpreting 理解 ;explaining 解释 。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。

　　12.C

　　在这里according to some是说 根据一些人的观点 。

　　13.D

　　actually 事实上地 ;practical是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里actually和前半句的theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。

　　14.B

　　代词its后接名词，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。entirety 整体 ;entity 实体 。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。

　　15.C

　　be classified as 被划分、被分类到 ;be granted 被授予 。

　　16.C

　　conclusive 确定的 ;inclusive 包括的、包围的 ;inclinable 倾向于、赞成的 ;complicated 复杂的 。the most conclusive是最高级，指最确定性的。

　　17.D

　　unlock 解开、破译 ;elaborate 详细说明、论述 ;define 解释、限定 ;break up 解散 。

　　18.A

　　for various purposes因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。

　　19.C

　　此处用副词so修饰widely.

　　20.B

　　根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short 总之 。By the way顺便说，So far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。