Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed ____1____ over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to ____2____ the reading process. ____3____ specialists agree that reading ____4____ a complex organization of higher mental ____5____ , they disagree ____6____ the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, ____7____ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand ____8____ .

　　These authorities ____9____ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is ____10____ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without ____11____ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, ____12____ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who ____13____ reads.

　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its ____14____ .By some expert they would not be ____15____ as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most ____16____ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to ____17____ the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various ____18____ , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do ____19____ widely and enthusiastically. ____20____ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially

　　C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly

　　C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short

　　C.So far D.On the other hand

　　Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed ____1____ over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to ____2____ the reading process. ____3____ specialists agree that reading ____4____ a complex organization of higher mental ____5____ , they disagree ____6____ the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, ____7____ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand ____8____ .

　　These authorities ____9____ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is ____10____ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without ____11____ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, ____12____ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who ____13____ reads.

　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its ____14____ .By some expert they would not be ____15____ as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most ____16____ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to ____17____ the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various ____18____ , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do ____19____ widely and enthusiastically. ____20____ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially

　　C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly

　　C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short

　　C.So far D.On the other hand