英语学习之悬垂分词的总结
【例如】
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.
Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.
Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.
关于悬垂分词这条语法规则也有例外情况。下面几种情况中的分词，不再认为它们是悬垂分词，即句子是正确的。1)有些分词可用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，它们便成了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。
【例如】
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.总的来说，这本书没有问题。Taking all thingssintosconsideration, his work is a successful one.全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。经常这样用的分词有：frankly speaking, judging from,talking about,speaking of,looking at,takinginto consideration, put frankly, taken等。
2)这样使用的有些分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
【例如】
Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。There were ten people in the room, including me.屋子里有十个人，包括我在内。Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。经常这样使用的分词有：admitting , assuming , barring, concerning, presuming, granting, pending, excepting, failing, saving, supposing , touching, given, granted, provided等。
3)某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，对这样的句子也不再认为是悬垂分词。
【例如】
Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the fathers heart.
她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化，很是惊慌。
His summer holidays were spent in the countryside, helping his father with farm work.他在乡下过暑假，帮助父亲干农活。以上句子之所以能被接受，是因为它们能清楚表达意思，不会引起误解，如第一句中alarm是抽象名词，不会误解为seeing的逻辑主语;第二句中主语holidays是无生命的名词，不可能误解为 helping的逻辑主语。
4)如果句子谓语是被动语态，分词的逻辑主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中。这样的句子也可以被接受，而非悬垂分词。
【例如】
Ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively, using simple sentences.
用简单的句子可以准确有力地表达思想。Knowing as much as you do, the situation is easily explained.像你这样了解情况，很容易解释这一形势。以上两句中的分词using和knowing的逻辑主语当然不是它们句子的主语ideas和 situation，而是没有明确表达出来的express和explain两个动作的执行者。
【例如】
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.
Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.
Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.
关于悬垂分词这条语法规则也有例外情况。下面几种情况中的分词，不再认为它们是悬垂分词，即句子是正确的。1)有些分词可用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，它们便成了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。
【例如】
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.总的来说，这本书没有问题。Taking all thingssintosconsideration, his work is a successful one.全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。经常这样用的分词有：frankly speaking, judging from,talking about,speaking of,looking at,takinginto consideration, put frankly, taken等。
2)这样使用的有些分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
【例如】
Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。There were ten people in the room, including me.屋子里有十个人，包括我在内。Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。经常这样使用的分词有：admitting , assuming , barring, concerning, presuming, granting, pending, excepting, failing, saving, supposing , touching, given, granted, provided等。
3)某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，对这样的句子也不再认为是悬垂分词。
【例如】
Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the fathers heart.
她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化，很是惊慌。
His summer holidays were spent in the countryside, helping his father with farm work.他在乡下过暑假，帮助父亲干农活。以上句子之所以能被接受，是因为它们能清楚表达意思，不会引起误解，如第一句中alarm是抽象名词，不会误解为seeing的逻辑主语;第二句中主语holidays是无生命的名词，不可能误解为 helping的逻辑主语。
4)如果句子谓语是被动语态，分词的逻辑主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中。这样的句子也可以被接受，而非悬垂分词。
【例如】
Ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively, using simple sentences.
用简单的句子可以准确有力地表达思想。Knowing as much as you do, the situation is easily explained.像你这样了解情况，很容易解释这一形势。以上两句中的分词using和knowing的逻辑主语当然不是它们句子的主语ideas和 situation，而是没有明确表达出来的express和explain两个动作的执行者。
