开篇

　　1.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4.Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 5.Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 6.Never in our history has the idea that ...been so popular. 7.Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 8.According to a recent survey, ... 9.With the rapid development of ..., ...

　　结尾

　　1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 3.It is necessary that steps should be taken to ... 4.In conclusion, it is imperative that ... 5.There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help. 6.To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 7.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9.We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ... 10.Taking all these into account, we ... 11.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

　　一. 上升增长

　　1.add up to 增加了eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds in 1994. 2. to jump to / to soar to 一跃达到/ 猛增到

　　eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.

　　3.an increase of aboutpercent as compared with 与相比大约增加了

　　eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

　　4.to experience an increase/incline 有了增长

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

　　二. 下降，减少

　　1.to sink/drop/reduce to 减少到

　　eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

　　2.to experience a decrease/decline 有了减少

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：

　　修饰上升/减少的副词有：

　　rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：

　　the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

　　三. 起伏

　　1.to go up and down 起伏不定

　　eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

　　2.There be ups and downs 有起有伏

　　eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in .

　　四. 稳定

　　1.to remain steady/level/unchanged 保持稳定，几乎不变

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

　　2.to level off

　　eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate shows signs of leveling off.

　　注意：

　　修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：

　　almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：

　　the general situation was not worsening

　　show indications of improvement

　　it can be predicted that

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in

　　五. 成正比，反比

　　1.be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与成正比/反比

　　eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

　　六. 占百分之几，几分之几

　　1.to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之

　　eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.

　　eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

　　2.to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of占的1/2,1/3,1/4

　　eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

　　3.account forpercent 占百分之几

　　eg. , accounting for approximately 20 percent of

　　开篇

　　1.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4.Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 5.Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 6.Never in our history has the idea that ...been so popular. 7.Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 8.According to a recent survey, ... 9.With the rapid development of ..., ...

　　结尾

　　1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 3.It is necessary that steps should be taken to ... 4.In conclusion, it is imperative that ... 5.There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help. 6.To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 7.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9.We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ... 10.Taking all these into account, we ... 11.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

　　一. 上升增长

　　1.add up to 增加了eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds in 1994. 2. to jump to / to soar to 一跃达到/ 猛增到

　　eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.

　　3.an increase of aboutpercent as compared with 与相比大约增加了

　　eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

　　4.to experience an increase/incline 有了增长

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

　　二. 下降，减少

　　1.to sink/drop/reduce to 减少到

　　eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

　　2.to experience a decrease/decline 有了减少

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：

　　修饰上升/减少的副词有：

　　rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：

　　the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

　　三. 起伏

　　1.to go up and down 起伏不定

　　eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

　　2.There be ups and downs 有起有伏

　　eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in .

　　四. 稳定

　　1.to remain steady/level/unchanged 保持稳定，几乎不变

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

　　2.to level off

　　eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate shows signs of leveling off.

　　注意：

　　修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：

　　almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：

　　the general situation was not worsening

　　show indications of improvement

　　it can be predicted that

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.

　　eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in

　　五. 成正比，反比

　　1.be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与成正比/反比

　　eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

　　六. 占百分之几，几分之几

　　1.to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之

　　eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.

　　eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

　　2.to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of占的1/2,1/3,1/4

　　eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

　　3.account forpercent 占百分之几

　　eg. , accounting for approximately 20 percent of