?、? known as “作为…而出名”;“被称作…”，as后面的宾语与句子主语是同位的。如：

　?、?George is known as a successful banker. 乔治作为成功的银行家而出名。

　?、?The first tomb, known as Chang Ling, was built in the 15th century. 第一座陵墓叫长陵修建于是5世纪。

　　Ⅱ. known by “凭……来判断或认识”一般不太常用，多出现在某些谚语中。如：

　?、?A man is known by the company he keeps. (谚)见其友，知其人。

　?、? known for “因……而出名”，for后面多接表示特征、品质之类的词。如：

　?、?Guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries. 桂林因风景优美而闻名。

　?、?He is known for his frankness. 他以坦率而出名。

　?、? known to “为……所知的”，to后面常接表示人的名词或代词。如：

　　① She is known to everyone in the college. 　他在学院里人人皆知。

　?、?The usage of that word is known to us all. 这个词的用法我们人人皆知。