雅思听力材料：伟大的作曲家-贝多芬
简介：
贝多芬，祖籍佛兰德的德国作曲家，其祖父与父亲均供职于科隆选帝侯。父亲从小就逼迫他学琴，望子成为莫扎特式的神童。 贝多芬13岁任宫廷乐队大键琴手，14岁任宫廷第二管风琴师，18岁任歌剧乐队的中提琴手。179O年，海顿见到贝多芬，获准他成为其学生，此后自 1792年起终生定居维也纳。1787年，因母病危而中断学习，1795年首次在维也纳以作曲家及钢琴家身份登台。贝多芬1782年在曼海姆出版了处女 作，为钢琴而作的《以德雷斯勒的进行曲为主题的6首变奏曲》。1802年，他意识到耳聋已无法医治，写下了《海利根斯塔特遗嘱》，同时却创作出了极明朗的 《D大调第二交响曲》，并建立了成为伟大作曲家的信心。贝多芬尽管不断与一些富有的女学生相爱，但屡遭打击，一生没结过婚，一直与孤独在作斗争。他的创作 可分成3个阶段，前期还能看到海顿、莫扎特的影响，追求一种和谐、优雅的情调，其代表作如第一、第二交响曲;第一、第二钢琴协奏曲及一些早期的奏鸣曲、室 内乐。中期作品开始体现强烈的个性，在作品中强调戏剧性，强调个性的张扬，强调冲突和精神的升华。贝多芬的中期是他的创作巅峰期，其实从创作钢琴奏鸣曲 《悲怆》起已接近中期，从《第三英雄交响曲》起至创作《第八交响曲》止，这个中期是贝多芬创作的夏天，6首交响曲、小提琴协奏曲和第三、四、五钢 琴协奏曲、《拉兹莫夫斯基四重奏》、《月光》、《华德斯坦》、《克莱采》等奏鸣曲，达到了浪漫主义表现的极端。而晚期作品，则更多地追求内心冲突与这种冲 突的升华，更多地是内省。《第九交响曲》和《庄严弥撒》可以看作是通向晚期的门口，而真正代表晚期创作状态的是最后的6首弦乐四重奏和3首钢琴奏鸣曲。
贝多芬的伟大在于他开创了音乐上的浪漫主义，他的早期作品一方面是古典的，一方面是浪漫的，他开启了音乐从古典主义走向浪漫主义的大门，从而拓展了音乐的结构与表现力。
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works , and songs.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and Christian Gottlob Neefe. During his first 22 years in Bonn, Beethoven intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 and began studying with Haydn, quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in Vienna until his death. About 1800 his hearing began to deteriorate, and by the last decade of his life he was almost totally deaf. He gave up conducting and performing in public but continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period.
简介：
贝多芬，祖籍佛兰德的德国作曲家，其祖父与父亲均供职于科隆选帝侯。父亲从小就逼迫他学琴，望子成为莫扎特式的神童。 贝多芬13岁任宫廷乐队大键琴手，14岁任宫廷第二管风琴师，18岁任歌剧乐队的中提琴手。179O年，海顿见到贝多芬，获准他成为其学生，此后自 1792年起终生定居维也纳。1787年，因母病危而中断学习，1795年首次在维也纳以作曲家及钢琴家身份登台。贝多芬1782年在曼海姆出版了处女 作，为钢琴而作的《以德雷斯勒的进行曲为主题的6首变奏曲》。1802年，他意识到耳聋已无法医治，写下了《海利根斯塔特遗嘱》，同时却创作出了极明朗的 《D大调第二交响曲》，并建立了成为伟大作曲家的信心。贝多芬尽管不断与一些富有的女学生相爱，但屡遭打击，一生没结过婚，一直与孤独在作斗争。他的创作 可分成3个阶段，前期还能看到海顿、莫扎特的影响，追求一种和谐、优雅的情调，其代表作如第一、第二交响曲;第一、第二钢琴协奏曲及一些早期的奏鸣曲、室 内乐。中期作品开始体现强烈的个性，在作品中强调戏剧性，强调个性的张扬，强调冲突和精神的升华。贝多芬的中期是他的创作巅峰期，其实从创作钢琴奏鸣曲 《悲怆》起已接近中期，从《第三英雄交响曲》起至创作《第八交响曲》止，这个中期是贝多芬创作的夏天，6首交响曲、小提琴协奏曲和第三、四、五钢 琴协奏曲、《拉兹莫夫斯基四重奏》、《月光》、《华德斯坦》、《克莱采》等奏鸣曲，达到了浪漫主义表现的极端。而晚期作品，则更多地追求内心冲突与这种冲 突的升华，更多地是内省。《第九交响曲》和《庄严弥撒》可以看作是通向晚期的门口，而真正代表晚期创作状态的是最后的6首弦乐四重奏和3首钢琴奏鸣曲。
贝多芬的伟大在于他开创了音乐上的浪漫主义，他的早期作品一方面是古典的，一方面是浪漫的，他开启了音乐从古典主义走向浪漫主义的大门，从而拓展了音乐的结构与表现力。
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works , and songs.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and Christian Gottlob Neefe. During his first 22 years in Bonn, Beethoven intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 and began studying with Haydn, quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in Vienna until his death. About 1800 his hearing began to deteriorate, and by the last decade of his life he was almost totally deaf. He gave up conducting and performing in public but continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period.
