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英语语法:梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解

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英语语法:梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解

  动词不定式

  不定式:to + 动词原形

  知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

  动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形,有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:

  句法作用

  例 句

  作宾语

  She wanted to borrowed my radio.

  They beganto read and write.

  作状语

  She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

  He came to give us a talk yesterday.

  作宾语补足语

  Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

  She asked meto speak more loudly

  Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

  The father made his son study hard.

  作定语

  Have you got anything to say?

  I had somethingto eat this morning .

  作主语

  To learn a foreign language is not easy.

  注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:

  It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

  It took us three days to do the work.

  动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

  Tell him not to be late.

  The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

  4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear, listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如:

  Let me listen to you sing the song.

  He watched his son play computer games.

  I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

  The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

  5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

  动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如:

  The question is when to start.

  I dont know where to go .

  He showed me how to use a computer.

  What to do is a big problem.

  例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

  翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用:

  1. To grow plants is very important.

  2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

  3. My dream is to be a pilot.

  4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

  5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

  6. Tom came to see me last night.

  7. I am glad to see you.

  8.Have you got anything to say?

  9.There are many places to see in China.

  10.I asked him not to open the window.

  11. I dont know what to buy for you.

  12. I saw him dance.

  13. He often helps me clean the room.

  14. They are too shy to speak English.

  15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

  16. I want you to go there together with me.

  解析:1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

  练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

  选择最佳答案填空:

  1. Tell him ______ the light.

  A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn

  2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.

  A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared

  3. We felt the earth _______.

  A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved

  4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.

  A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read

  5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.

  A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit

  6. Nobody knows __________next.

  A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do

  7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.

  A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering

  8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.

  A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak

  9. Im going to the library ______ the books.

  A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend

  10. We went to town _________ some shopping.

  A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do

  11. The funny story _______ me laugh.

  A. make B. making C. to make D. made

  12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.

  A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest

  C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest

  13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all

  the work.

  A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for

  14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.

  A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking

  15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.

  A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say

  C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce

  16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.

  A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take

  17. ---Lets have a rest, shall we?

  --- Not now. I dont want to stop _______ the letter yet.

  A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

  18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?

  --- Sure.

  A. what to work it out B. what to work out it

  C. how to work it out D. how to work out it

  19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?

  --- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.

  A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

  20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

  --- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.

  A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

  C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

  1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA

  动词不定式

  不定式:to + 动词原形

  知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

  动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形,有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:

  句法作用

  例 句

  作宾语

  She wanted to borrowed my radio.

  They beganto read and write.

  作状语

  She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

  He came to give us a talk yesterday.

  作宾语补足语

  Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

  She asked meto speak more loudly

  Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

  The father made his son study hard.

  作定语

  Have you got anything to say?

  I had somethingto eat this morning .

  作主语

  To learn a foreign language is not easy.

  注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:

  It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

  It took us three days to do the work.

  动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

  Tell him not to be late.

  The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

  4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear, listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如:

  Let me listen to you sing the song.

  He watched his son play computer games.

  I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

  The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

  5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

  动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如:

  The question is when to start.

  I dont know where to go .

  He showed me how to use a computer.

  What to do is a big problem.

  例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

  翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用:

  1. To grow plants is very important.

  2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

  3. My dream is to be a pilot.

  4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

  5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

  6. Tom came to see me last night.

  7. I am glad to see you.

  8.Have you got anything to say?

  9.There are many places to see in China.

  10.I asked him not to open the window.

  11. I dont know what to buy for you.

  12. I saw him dance.

  13. He often helps me clean the room.

  14. They are too shy to speak English.

  15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

  16. I want you to go there together with me.

  解析:1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

 

  动词不定式

  不定式:to + 动词原形

  知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

  动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形,有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:

  句法作用

  例 句

  作宾语

  She wanted to borrowed my radio.

  They beganto read and write.

  作状语

  She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

  He came to give us a talk yesterday.

  作宾语补足语

  Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

  She asked meto speak more loudly

  Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

  The father made his son study hard.

  作定语

  Have you got anything to say?

  I had somethingto eat this morning .

  作主语

  To learn a foreign language is not easy.

  注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:

  It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

  It took us three days to do the work.

  动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

  Tell him not to be late.

  The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

  4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear, listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如:

  Let me listen to you sing the song.

  He watched his son play computer games.

  I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

  The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

  5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

  动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如:

  The question is when to start.

  I dont know where to go .

  He showed me how to use a computer.

  What to do is a big problem.

  例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

  翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用:

  1. To grow plants is very important.

  2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

  3. My dream is to be a pilot.

  4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

  5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

  6. Tom came to see me last night.

  7. I am glad to see you.

  8.Have you got anything to say?

  9.There are many places to see in China.

  10.I asked him not to open the window.

  11. I dont know what to buy for you.

  12. I saw him dance.

  13. He often helps me clean the room.

  14. They are too shy to speak English.

  15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

  16. I want you to go there together with me.

  解析:1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

  练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

  选择最佳答案填空:

  1. Tell him ______ the light.

  A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn

  2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.

  A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared

  3. We felt the earth _______.

  A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved

  4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.

  A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read

  5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.

  A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit

  6. Nobody knows __________next.

  A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do

  7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.

  A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering

  8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.

  A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak

  9. Im going to the library ______ the books.

  A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend

  10. We went to town _________ some shopping.

  A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do

  11. The funny story _______ me laugh.

  A. make B. making C. to make D. made

  12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.

  A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest

  C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest

  13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all

  the work.

  A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for

  14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.

  A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking

  15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.

  A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say

  C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce

  16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.

  A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take

  17. ---Lets have a rest, shall we?

  --- Not now. I dont want to stop _______ the letter yet.

  A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

  18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?

  --- Sure.

  A. what to work it out B. what to work out it

  C. how to work it out D. how to work out it

  19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?

  --- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.

  A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

  20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

  --- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.

  A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

  C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

  1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA

  动词不定式

  不定式:to + 动词原形

  知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

  动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形,有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:

  句法作用

  例 句

  作宾语

  She wanted to borrowed my radio.

  They beganto read and write.

  作状语

  She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

  He came to give us a talk yesterday.

  作宾语补足语

  Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

  She asked meto speak more loudly

  Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

  The father made his son study hard.

  作定语

  Have you got anything to say?

  I had somethingto eat this morning .

  作主语

  To learn a foreign language is not easy.

  注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:

  It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

  It took us three days to do the work.

  动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

  Tell him not to be late.

  The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

  4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear, listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如:

  Let me listen to you sing the song.

  He watched his son play computer games.

  I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

  The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

  5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

  动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如:

  The question is when to start.

  I dont know where to go .

  He showed me how to use a computer.

  What to do is a big problem.

  例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

  翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用:

  1. To grow plants is very important.

  2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

  3. My dream is to be a pilot.

  4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

  5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

  6. Tom came to see me last night.

  7. I am glad to see you.

  8.Have you got anything to say?

  9.There are many places to see in China.

  10.I asked him not to open the window.

  11. I dont know what to buy for you.

  12. I saw him dance.

  13. He often helps me clean the room.

  14. They are too shy to speak English.

  15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

  16. I want you to go there together with me.

  解析:1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

 

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