高中英语语法-主谓一致中的三原则
主谓一致中的三原则
英语句子中，主语的人称和数要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫主谓一致关系。
它通常依据三项原则：
1）语法一致；2）意义一致；3）就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
I .主语的人称决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music. 我/ 她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker？（误）你母亲是工人吗？
Is your mother a worker？（正）（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）
II .主语的数决定谓语动词的形式。
1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.
①The work is important. 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of. 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu. 他们去成都了。
Ⅲ. 以and 或both and连接的并列主语：
1.通常作复数用 .e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是同一个人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
3. and前、后的单数词语都有each，every，many，a，no等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表数、量等的修饰语时：
1. a）many a + 单名 接单数谓语：a good （great）many + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it. 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
b）a / an + 单名+ or two大多接单数谓语：one or two + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.
①Only a word or two is （are ）needed. 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
c）a / an + 单名+ and a half常接单数谓语：one and a half +复名多接复数谓语。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
d）more than one + 单名大多接单数谓语。e.g.
①More than one person was （were ）absent. 不止一个人缺席。
more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。e.g.
②More students than one have been there. 不止一个学生去过那儿。
more than two （three，）+复名接复数谓语。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert. 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2. 主语前加表示单位、度量的短语如a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / ）of等时，表示单位、度量的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper （books）left. 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet. 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is （are）sweet. （大多依 kind，作单数用 ）
③These kind（s）of apple（s）are sweet. （总作复数用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）
3. 主语后接with等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than 等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。
4. one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个复数名词，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词that代novels）
②He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2）若one前加this，the，the only 等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。（关系词who 代 the only one ）[1][2][3]
主谓一致中的三原则
英语句子中，主语的人称和数要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫主谓一致关系。
它通常依据三项原则：
1）语法一致；2）意义一致；3）就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
I .主语的人称决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music. 我/ 她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker？（误）你母亲是工人吗？
Is your mother a worker？（正）（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）
II .主语的数决定谓语动词的形式。
1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.
①The work is important. 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of. 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu. 他们去成都了。
Ⅲ. 以and 或both and连接的并列主语：
1.通常作复数用 .e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是同一个人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
3. and前、后的单数词语都有each，every，many，a，no等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表数、量等的修饰语时：
1. a）many a + 单名 接单数谓语：a good （great）many + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it. 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
b）a / an + 单名+ or two大多接单数谓语：one or two + 复名接复数谓语。e.g.
①Only a word or two is （are ）needed. 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
c）a / an + 单名+ and a half常接单数谓语：one and a half +复名多接复数谓语。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
d）more than one + 单名大多接单数谓语。e.g.
①More than one person was （were ）absent. 不止一个人缺席。
more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。e.g.
②More students than one have been there. 不止一个学生去过那儿。
more than two （three，）+复名接复数谓语。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert. 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2. 主语前加表示单位、度量的短语如a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / ）of等时，表示单位、度量的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper （books）left. 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet. 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is （are）sweet. （大多依 kind，作单数用 ）
③These kind（s）of apple（s）are sweet. （总作复数用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）
3. 主语后接with等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than 等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。
4. one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个复数名词，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词that代novels）
②He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2）若one前加this，the，the only 等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。（关系词who 代 the only one ）[1][2][3]
