1

　　A listener has written from China for advice about how to lose weight. Michael in Shanghai says he is 26 and has battled obesity for most of his life.

　　Obesity , a severe weight problem, is a complex condition. A doctor may advise taking medicine along with changing ones behaviors. Experts say that the most successful weightloss plans include a well-balanced diet and exercise.

　　People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use. To lose weight, you can reduce the number of calories you take in, increase the number you use, or both.

　　A recent study looked at four of the most popular dieting plans in the US. Researchers at Stanford University in California studied over 300 overweight women, mostly in their thirties and forties. Each woman went on one of the four plans: Atkins, The Zone, Ornish or LEARN. The women attended diet classes and received written information about the food plans.

　　At the end of the year, the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most, more than four and one-half kilograms on average. They also did better on tests for cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

　　Christopher Gardner, who led the study, says the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to eat less sugar. He also says that the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals. He says that there was not enough money to study men, but that men would probably have similar results.

　　Last week, another report based on thirty-one studies suggested that only a small minority of people have long-term success with dieting. Most dieters regained their lost weight within five years and often they become more overweight. But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.

　　Title: 1.___________to lose weight

Doctors advice

●:take medicine along with 2._____________

Experts 3._________ plans

●a well-balanced diet : 4.________less energy than needed , increase the number you use, or both.

●5._________

Four of the most popular dieting plans in the US

●Atkins: eat less sugar than usual and 6.________ protein in the diet

●The Zone

●7.________

●LEARN.

From 8.__________

●have long-term success with dieting, otherwise most dieters will 9._____their lost weight

●exercise is more important than dieting for 10.______

　　Key: 1. Proper ways 2. changing ones behaviors 3. weight-loss 4. take in

　　5. exercise　6. increase 7. Ornish 8. another report 9. regain 10. losing weight

　　2

　　We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把按能力分班)pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect for their total personality.

　　We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

　　In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

　　Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

Develop the abilities of pupils:

●develop their full abilities, not their 1. ___________

●value personal qualities

●2.__________

pupils-streamed teaching (disadvantages)

3._____________ teaching (advantages)

●not 4.________ the fact that children develop at different rates

have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child

●5.________ the pupils who are at the bottom of the top grade

●rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability

●only one aspect for pupils total personality

●6._________ pupils full abilities.

●give them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop 7. ________

●learn how to cope with 8.________

●learn how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate 9.__________.

●The pupils learn from each other 10.______ from the teacher.

●They can do this at their own speed

　　Keys: 1. academic ability 2. social skills 3. mixed-ability 4. take into account

　　5. discourage 6. contribute to 7. leadership skills 8. personal problems 9.effectively 10. as well as

　

　3

　　There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．

　　By contrast (对照) , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have , and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties．In this process, the journey never really ends；there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．

　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences．Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt (适应) change or that were not smart enough to deal with a new challenge．Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all．

　　These feelings of insecurity (不安全) and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．

Title 1.________Product or Process

Product:

easily identified and 2.______

●The workers4 .________

●The students improve 5._________

●The foreigners learns new languages

Process:

●3.___________ to determine

●never really ends

●the attitudes, feelings people have

●6.____________

●experience the world7._____________

●try new ideas

●accept 8.__________

●a willingness to 9.________

●face the unknown

●accept the possibility that they may fail

●tend to take more chances and be more open to 10.___________

　　Keys: 1. Growth 2. measured 3. much more difficult 4. get a rise 5. their grades 6. caution or courage 7. in new ways 8. new challenges 9. take risks

　　10. unfamiliar experiences

　　4

　　Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them

　　The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.

　　There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a managers point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

　　But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.

　　Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.

small computers:

▲1._______ larger and expensive computers

▲2._________can use them

▲Small computers has been 3._________in the field of word processors , or WPS

advantages

4.________

▲The secretary :

●freed from a lot of 5._________

●do other more interesting work for the boss

▲6.___________

●secretarial time can be made better use of

●7._______ can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

▲8. __________ will lost their jobs.

▲medical problems related to work with visual display units

●Many people 9_________slowly

●The unborn child in its mothers body 10.___________

　　Keys: 1. replace 2. most smaller companies 3.improved 4.disadvantages 5.daily work

　　6. The boss/manager 7.money 8. secretaries 9. lose sight 10.might be killed

　　1

　　A listener has written from China for advice about how to lose weight. Michael in Shanghai says he is 26 and has battled obesity for most of his life.

　　Obesity , a severe weight problem, is a complex condition. A doctor may advise taking medicine along with changing ones behaviors. Experts say that the most successful weightloss plans include a well-balanced diet and exercise.

　　People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use. To lose weight, you can reduce the number of calories you take in, increase the number you use, or both.

　　A recent study looked at four of the most popular dieting plans in the US. Researchers at Stanford University in California studied over 300 overweight women, mostly in their thirties and forties. Each woman went on one of the four plans: Atkins, The Zone, Ornish or LEARN. The women attended diet classes and received written information about the food plans.

　　At the end of the year, the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most, more than four and one-half kilograms on average. They also did better on tests for cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

　　Christopher Gardner, who led the study, says the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to eat less sugar. He also says that the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals. He says that there was not enough money to study men, but that men would probably have similar results.

　　Last week, another report based on thirty-one studies suggested that only a small minority of people have long-term success with dieting. Most dieters regained their lost weight within five years and often they become more overweight. But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.

　　Title: 1.___________to lose weight

Doctors advice

●:take medicine along with 2._____________

Experts 3._________ plans

●a well-balanced diet : 4.________less energy than needed , increase the number you use, or both.

●5._________

Four of the most popular dieting plans in the US

●Atkins: eat less sugar than usual and 6.________ protein in the diet

●The Zone

●7.________

●LEARN.

From 8.__________

●have long-term success with dieting, otherwise most dieters will 9._____their lost weight

●exercise is more important than dieting for 10.______

　　Key: 1. Proper ways 2. changing ones behaviors 3. weight-loss 4. take in

　　5. exercise　6. increase 7. Ornish 8. another report 9. regain 10. losing weight

　　2

　　We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many advantages">disadvantages in streaming (把按能力分班)pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect for their total personality.

　　We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

　　In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

　　Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

Develop the abilities of pupils:

●develop their full abilities, not their 1. ___________

●value personal qualities

●2.__________

pupils-streamed teaching (advantages">disadvantages)

3._____________ teaching (advantages">advantages)

●not 4.________ the fact that children develop at different rates

have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child

●5.________ the pupils who are at the bottom of the top grade

●rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability

●only one aspect for pupils total personality

●6._________ pupils full abilities.

●give them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop 7. ________

●learn how to cope with 8.________

●learn how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate 9.__________.

●The pupils learn from each other 10.______ from the teacher.

●They can do this at their own speed

　　Keys: 1. academic ability 2. social skills 3. mixed-ability 4. take into account

　　5. discourage 6. contribute to 7. leadership skills 8. personal problems 9.effectively 10. as well as

　

　3

　　There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．

　　By contrast (对照) , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have , and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties．In this process, the journey never really ends；there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．

　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences．Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt (适应) change or that were not smart enough to deal with a new challenge．Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all．

　　These feelings of insecurity (不安全) and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．

Title 1.________Product or Process

Product:

easily identified and 2.______

●The workers4 .________

●The students improve 5._________

●The foreigners learns new languages

Process:

●3.___________ to determine

●never really ends

●the attitudes, feelings people have

●6.____________

●experience the world7._____________

●try new ideas

●accept 8.__________

●a willingness to 9.________

●face the unknown

●accept the possibility that they may fail

●tend to take more chances and be more open to 10.___________

　　Keys: 1. Growth 2. measured 3. much more difficult 4. get a rise 5. their grades 6. caution or courage 7. in new ways 8. new challenges 9. take risks

　　10. unfamiliar experiences

　　4

　　Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them

　　The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.

　　There are many advantages">advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a managers point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

　　But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.

　　Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.

small computers:

▲1._______ larger and expensive computers

▲2._________can use them

▲Small computers has been 3._________in the field of word processors , or WPS

advantages

4.________

▲The secretary :

●freed from a lot of 5._________

●do other more interesting work for the boss

▲6.___________

●secretarial time can be made better use of

●7._______ can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

▲8. __________ will lost their jobs.

▲medical problems related to work with visual display units

●Many people 9_________slowly

●The unborn child in its mothers body 10.___________

　　Keys: 1. replace 2. most smaller companies 3.improved 4.disadvantages 5.daily work

　　6. The boss/manager 7.money 8. secretaries 9. lose sight 10.might be killed