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英语讲义【8】英语多义词

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英语讲义【8】英语多义词

  随着科技的突飞猛进以及电脑资讯的普及,科学术语、电脑词汇与日俱增;即使同一个字,有时意思在增加,用途也在扩大。工业或行政上的 input 和 output 和电脑上的意思,哪会完全相同?小孩时期看到在地上跑的 mouse 和现在出现在电脑旁的 mouse,形状相似,但意思也一样吗?

  不说特殊用语,就是天天见面的常用字,不管是名词、形容词、动词或副词,十九都是多义词,甚至是多种词类的,既可当名词、动词,又可当形容词,甚至副词。

  关于这点,《英语词汇:意思和用法》一文中已举例说明,大家应该记忆犹新,不再重复。

  由于一词多义在英语词汇的运用上非常重要,这里不厌其烦地再举一个家喻户晓的常用字 break,以加强我对这点的重视。

  作为动词,break 有下列 12 个常用意思:

  ① 打破、断,如:(a) If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b) The rope suddenly broke.

  ② 违反、违约,如:(a) Dont break the law. (b) Tom is notorious for breaking promises.

  ③ 伤、毁,如:(a) Tony broke Janes heart by not marrying her. (b) Judy dropped her watch and broke it.

  ④ 中断、打断,如:(a) The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b) The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.

  ⑤ 破晓,如:They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.

  ⑥ 放弃,如:It is hard to break the habit of smoking.

  ⑦ 开路,如:We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.

  ⑧ 毫无得失,如:He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.

  ⑨ 闯入,如:A thief broke into my neigbours house and ran away with some valuables.

  ⑩ 爆发,如:If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?

  11. 突破,如:The soldiers tried to break through the enemys line.

  12. 停止,如:The meeting suddenly broke up.

  当名词时,break 有 5 个常见义,如下:

  ① 裂口:Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.

  ② 拂晓:Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.

  ③ 吃茶点时间:A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.

  ④ 休息:There is one-hour break for lunch.

  ⑤ 变动:The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.

  

  随着科技的突飞猛进以及电脑资讯的普及,科学术语、电脑词汇与日俱增;即使同一个字,有时意思在增加,用途也在扩大。工业或行政上的 input 和 output 和电脑上的意思,哪会完全相同?小孩时期看到在地上跑的 mouse 和现在出现在电脑旁的 mouse,形状相似,但意思也一样吗?

  不说特殊用语,就是天天见面的常用字,不管是名词、形容词、动词或副词,十九都是多义词,甚至是多种词类的,既可当名词、动词,又可当形容词,甚至副词。

  关于这点,《英语词汇:意思和用法》一文中已举例说明,大家应该记忆犹新,不再重复。

  由于一词多义在英语词汇的运用上非常重要,这里不厌其烦地再举一个家喻户晓的常用字 break,以加强我对这点的重视。

  作为动词,break 有下列 12 个常用意思:

  ① 打破、断,如:(a) If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b) The rope suddenly broke.

  ② 违反、违约,如:(a) Dont break the law. (b) Tom is notorious for breaking promises.

  ③ 伤、毁,如:(a) Tony broke Janes heart by not marrying her. (b) Judy dropped her watch and broke it.

  ④ 中断、打断,如:(a) The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b) The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.

  ⑤ 破晓,如:They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.

  ⑥ 放弃,如:It is hard to break the habit of smoking.

  ⑦ 开路,如:We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.

  ⑧ 毫无得失,如:He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.

  ⑨ 闯入,如:A thief broke into my neigbours house and ran away with some valuables.

  ⑩ 爆发,如:If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?

  11. 突破,如:The soldiers tried to break through the enemys line.

  12. 停止,如:The meeting suddenly broke up.

  当名词时,break 有 5 个常见义,如下:

  ① 裂口:Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.

  ② 拂晓:Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.

  ③ 吃茶点时间:A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.

  ④ 休息:There is one-hour break for lunch.

  ⑤ 变动:The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.

  

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