Unit twenty-seven

　　One gizmo, one chore

　　Heres my simple test for a product of todays technology: I go to the bookstore and check the shelves for remedial books. The more books, the more my suspicions are raised. If computers and computer programs supposedly are getting easier to use, why are so many companies still making a nice living publishing books on how to use them?

　　Computers manipulate information, but information is invisible. Theres nothing to see or touch. The programmer decides what you see on the screen. Computers dont have knobs like old radios. They dont have buttons, not real buttons. Instead, more and more programs display pictures of buttons, moving even further into abstraction and arbitrariness. I like computers, but I hope they will disappear, that they will seem as strange to our descendants as the technologies of our grandparents appear to us.

　　Computers have the power to allow people within a company, across a nation or even around the world, to work together. But this power will be wasted if tomorrows computers arent designed around the needs and capabilities of the human beings who must use them. That means retooling computers to mesh with human strengths observing, communicating and innovating instead of asking people to conform to the unnatural behavior computers demand. That just leads to error.

　　Many of todays machines try to do too much. When a complicated word processor attempts to double as a desktop publishing program or a kitchen appliance comes with half a dozen attachments, the product is bound to be unwieldy and burdensome. My favorite example of a technological product on just the right scale is an electronic dictionary. It can be made smaller, lighter and far easier to use than a print version, not only giving meanings but even pronouncing the words. Todays electronic dictionaries, with their tiny keys and barely legible displays, are primitive but theyre on the right track.

　　One gizmo, one chore. Now imagine a host of specialized devices replacing a single powerful computer that tries to do a little of everything. Imagine a pocket checkbook, a drawing pad, a file-folder-size spreadsheet. Each would be self-contained but would communicate with the others through infrared light beams or radio links. The word I just looked up in the dictionary would be inserted into the letter I am writing; the right picture or spreadsheet calculation would become part of a report Im doing for work; my electronic checkbook would log on with the bank every evening to update and reconcile the figures.

　　We would no longer have to learn the arbitrary ways of the computer. We could simply learn the tools of our trade sketch pads, spreadsheets, schedules. How wonderful if would be to ignore the capricious Nature of technology and get on with our work.

　　remedy n.1补救办法,纠正办法 2.药品,治疗法 vt.1.补救,纠正 2.医治,治疗

　　remedial a.1.治疗的 2.补救的 3.补习的

　　rectify vt.纠正,修复

　　suspicious a.1.猜疑的,疑心的 2.可疑的 3.表示怀疑的

　　suspicion n.1.怀疑,不信任 2.猜疑,嫌疑

　　skeptical a.表示怀疑的

　　dubious a.1.怀疑的,犹豫不决的 2.有问题的,靠不住的

　　doubtless ad.无疑地,肯定

　　credible a.可信的,可靠的

　　manipulate vt.1.操纵,控制,影响 2.操作,使用

　　maneuver n.1.调动,调遣 2.策略,花招 vt. 1.调动,调遣 2.操纵,控制

　　knob n.1.球形把手 2.旋钮 3.小块

　　shaft n.1.柄,杆 2.束,光线 3.轴 4.竖井

　　descendant n.后代

　　mesh n.网孔vt.1.用网捕捉,使缠住 2.使啮合

　　web n.1.网 2.网络

　　sieve n.筛网,滤网 v.筛分

　　innovation n.1.新事物,新方法 2.革新,创新

　　innovative a.1.革新的,新颖的 2.富有革新精神的

　　wield vt.1.运使,运用,交配 2.使用

　　wieldy a.易处理的,易使用的,易掌握的

　　legible a.1.清楚的,易读的 2.容易觉察的,容易辩认的

　　illegible a.模糊的,难以辨认的

　　gizmo n.机械装置,小玩意儿

　　chore n.1.家庭杂务,日常零星工作 2.困难的工作,令人讨厌的工作

　　specialize vi.专门研究,专攻

　　specialty n.1.专业,专长 2.特产,名产

　　spreadsheet n.空白表格程序

　　infrared a.红外线的

　　ultraviolet a.紫外线的

　　spectrum n.1.光谱,频谱 2.范围,幅度,系列

　　capricious a.变化无常的，变幻莫测的

　　Unit twenty-seven

　　One gizmo, one chore

　　Heres my simple test for a product of todays technology: I go to the bookstore and check the shelves for remedial books. The more books, the more my suspicions are raised. If computers and computer programs supposedly are getting easier to use, why are so many companies still making a nice living publishing books on how to use them?

　　Computers manipulate information, but information is invisible. Theres nothing to see or touch. The programmer decides what you see on the screen. Computers dont have knobs like old radios. They dont have buttons, not real buttons. Instead, more and more programs display pictures of buttons, moving even further into abstraction and arbitrariness. I like computers, but I hope they will disappear, that they will seem as strange to our descendants as the technologies of our grandparents appear to us.

　　Computers have the power to allow people within a company, across a nation or even around the world, to work together. But this power will be wasted if tomorrows computers arent designed around the needs and capabilities of the human beings who must use them. That means retooling computers to mesh with human strengths observing, communicating and innovating instead of asking people to conform to the unnatural behavior computers demand. That just leads to error.

　　Many of todays machines try to do too much. When a complicated word processor attempts to double as a desktop publishing program or a kitchen appliance comes with half a dozen attachments, the product is bound to be unwieldy and burdensome. My favorite example of a technological product on just the right scale is an electronic dictionary. It can be made smaller, lighter and far easier to use than a print version, not only giving meanings but even pronouncing the words. Todays electronic dictionaries, with their tiny keys and barely legible displays, are primitive but theyre on the right track.

　　One gizmo, one chore. Now imagine a host of specialized devices replacing a single powerful computer that tries to do a little of everything. Imagine a pocket checkbook, a drawing pad, a file-folder-size spreadsheet. Each would be self-contained but would communicate with the others through infrared light beams or radio links. The word I just looked up in the dictionary would be inserted into the letter I am writing; the right picture or spreadsheet calculation would become part of a report Im doing for work; my electronic checkbook would log on with the bank every evening to update and reconcile the figures.

　　We would no longer have to learn the arbitrary ways of the computer. We could simply learn the tools of our trade sketch pads, spreadsheets, schedules. How wonderful if would be to ignore the capricious Nature of technology and get on with our work.

　　remedy n.1补救办法,纠正办法 2.药品,治疗法 vt.1.补救,纠正 2.医治,治疗

　　remedial a.1.治疗的 2.补救的 3.补习的

　　rectify vt.纠正,修复

　　suspicious a.1.猜疑的,疑心的 2.可疑的 3.表示怀疑的

　　suspicion n.1.怀疑,不信任 2.猜疑,嫌疑

　　skeptical a.表示怀疑的

　　dubious a.1.怀疑的,犹豫不决的 2.有问题的,靠不住的

　　doubtless ad.无疑地,肯定

　　credible a.可信的,可靠的

　　manipulate vt.1.操纵,控制,影响 2.操作,使用

　　maneuver n.1.调动,调遣 2.策略,花招 vt. 1.调动,调遣 2.操纵,控制

　　knob n.1.球形把手 2.旋钮 3.小块

　　shaft n.1.柄,杆 2.束,光线 3.轴 4.竖井

　　descendant n.后代

　　mesh n.网孔vt.1.用网捕捉,使缠住 2.使啮合

　　web n.1.网 2.网络

　　sieve n.筛网,滤网 v.筛分

　　innovation n.1.新事物,新方法 2.革新,创新

　　innovative a.1.革新的,新颖的 2.富有革新精神的

　　wield vt.1.运使,运用,交配 2.使用

　　wieldy a.易处理的,易使用的,易掌握的

　　legible a.1.清楚的,易读的 2.容易觉察的,容易辩认的

　　illegible a.模糊的,难以辨认的

　　gizmo n.机械装置,小玩意儿

　　chore n.1.家庭杂务,日常零星工作 2.困难的工作,令人讨厌的工作

　　specialize vi.专门研究,专攻

　　specialty n.1.专业,专长 2.特产,名产

　　spreadsheet n.空白表格程序

　　infrared a.红外线的

　　ultraviolet a.紫外线的

　　spectrum n.1.光谱,频谱 2.范围,幅度,系列

　　capricious a.变化无常的，变幻莫测的