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12月英语四级阅读难点解析(5)

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12月英语四级阅读难点解析(5)

  1.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told.

  主干:they noted the number..., and confessed to how...

  主句用了两个并列的谓语动词:noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges构成并列结构,后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more then 10 minutes修饰。

  译文:在交流日记中,他们把长达10分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来,并且承认了他们说谎的次数。

  2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to global as a concept.

  主干:Its strategy rests

  主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs,可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale。句末的be drawn to表示为...所吸引,as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语,作为概念的全球化,或全球化概念。

  译文:公司的策略基于两个信念:首先,全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济;其次,21世纪的消费者认可全球这个概念。

  3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

  主干:Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...

  本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中,by which引导定语从句,修饰主语another method,不定式to say作表语,引号里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一分句中,that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。

  译文:另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉,而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说你感到委屈,我很抱歉,这表明,如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话,那么你多多少少是有过错的。

  4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.

  主干:there is the apology

  这句话用的是there be句型,主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语,包括前置修饰语general和all covering,后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。在该定语从句中,介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语,修饰the necessity;identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个定语从句,一个是由that引导,另一个是由which引导,这两个定语从句用and并列链接。which引导的定语从句中,主语the person也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。

  译文:然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉,这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈,道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。

  5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.

  主干:I recall an incident...

  句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语,一个是介词词组in a handball game,一个是when引导的定语从句。when引导的定语从句中,有一个because引导的原因状语从句:注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。

  译文:我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情,一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套,但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度,所以拒绝了他。

  

  1.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they told.

  主干:they noted the number..., and confessed to how...

  主句用了两个并列的谓语动词:noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges构成并列结构,后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more then 10 minutes修饰。

  译文:在交流日记中,他们把长达10分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来,并且承认了他们说谎的次数。

  2.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to global as a concept.

  主干:Its strategy rests

  主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two beliefs,可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of scale。句末的be drawn to表示为...所吸引,as a concept介词短语作global的后置定语,作为概念的全球化,或全球化概念。

  译文:公司的策略基于两个信念:首先,全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济;其次,21世纪的消费者认可全球这个概念。

  3.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say Im sorry youre upset; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

  主干:Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...

  本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中,by which引导定语从句,修饰主语another method,不定式to say作表语,引号里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一分句中,that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。

  译文:另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉,而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说你感到委屈,我很抱歉,这表明,如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话,那么你多多少少是有过错的。

  4.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.

  主干:there is the apology

  这句话用的是there be句型,主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语,包括前置修饰语general和all covering,后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句。在该定语从句中,介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语,修饰the necessity;identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个定语从句,一个是由that引导,另一个是由which引导,这两个定语从句用and并列链接。which引导的定语从句中,主语the person也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。

  译文:然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉,这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈,道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。

  5.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.

  主干:I recall an incident...

  句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语,一个是介词词组in a handball game,一个是when引导的定语从句。when引导的定语从句中,有一个because引导的原因状语从句:注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。

  译文:我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情,一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套,但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度,所以拒绝了他。

  

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